As of the beginning of 2023, approximately 900 e-buses were operating on Polish roads, constituting one of the largest electric bus fleets in the European Union. The majority of these e-buses are manufactured in Polish factories, thus forming a robust link in the European e-mobility supply chain, which also provides various components, including lithium-ion batteries and charging stations.

One of the most significant factors contributing to Poland’s leading position in zero-emission public transport is the synergy between various stakeholders. This synergy fosters a highly dynamic growth in domestic demand and supports the production potential of the e-mobility industry.

The public transport analysis, produced by F5A and commissioned by PSPA, provides an overview of all key players in Poland’s zero-emission transport sector. F5A meticulously describes the roles played by stakeholders such as central administration, local government units, financial institutions, and industry players in establishing one of the largest markets for electric buses in Poland, both in terms of production and implementation.

The study delves into Poland’s investment potential, basic legal acts regulating the Polish e-mobility ecosystem, and an assessment of the effectiveness of the subsidy system, which has been crucial for the extensive electrification of bus fleets witnessed today. Additionally, the analysis includes case studies of selected local governments and their experiences with e-bus implementation, along with the major challenges associated with fleet replacement. From the perspective of other countries, Poland’s experience and the summarized opinions of key stakeholders may serve as valuable insights to identify elements contributing to the dynamic development of the zero-emission public transport industry.

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